As archaeological investigations are planned and conducted, documents are created, such as proposals, permits, inventories, field notebooks, maps, site plans, historic records, photographs, and reports. These documents help us to understand the processes used by archaeologists to survey an area or excavate a site. They are also used to assist archaeologists to study and recreate the activities that were occurring at these sites in the past.

Job skills related to document processing include assessing collection condition, creating initial inventories, analysis of document types, reorganizing folders into a logical order, filing, box making, re-housing collections, cleaning and mending documents, removal of metal contaminants, removal of unrelated and duplicate materials, removal of personally identifiable information, cross-indexing, database creation and management, scanning of photographs and documents, and writing summary reports.

Employees adhere to strict guidelines and special curation methods to handle various materials, including paper, photographic, microfilm, audio-visual, electronic, digital, cartographic, and oversized records.